Book Detail:

Language: English

Pages: 133

Author: TNAU

Price: Free

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COURSE OUTLINE: INSECT ECOLOGY & INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INCLUDING BENEFICIAL INSECTS (ENTO 232)

• Principles of applied entomology – economic classification of insects.
• Bee species – comparison – castes of bees – bee behaviour and bee dance.
• Apiary management practices – bee pasturage – foraging – seasonal variations.
• Role of bees in cross pollination – their exploitation – case studies with selected crops.
• Bee products – their properties and uses.
• Effect of agricultural inputs on bee activity – pesticide poisoning.
• Role of pollinators, weed killers and other beneficial insects.
• Management of household pests, vectors of human diseases and pests of cattle and poultry.
• Insect ecology – definition – balance of life in nature – reproductive potential and environmental resistance.
• Population dynamics – role of biotic factors – competition – parasitoids and predatots.
• Life table – Interspecific and intraspecific relationship.
• Abiotic factors – physical, nutritional and host plant associated factors on insect population. Bioresources in ecosystems.
• Pests – definition, categories and causes for outbreak of pests. Losses caused by pests.
• Pest monitoring – pest surveillance and forecasting – objectives, survey, sampling techniques and decision making. Economic Threshold Level and Economic Injury Level.
• Factors influencing Economic Injury Level and Economic Threshold Level.
• Pest Management – definition – need – objectives, requirements for successful pest management programme. Components of pest management.
• Cultural methods – definition – characteristics, requisites – farm level practices and community level practices, advantages and disadvantages.
• Physical methods – definition – use of heat, moisture, light, lectromagnetic energy and sound energy – Mechanical methods – definition – mechanical destruction and exclusion – merits and demerits.
• Mid semester examination.
• Legal methods – definition – pest introductions – quarantine – phytosanitary certificate – pest legislation.
• Host plant resistance – definition – types and mechanisms, ecological and genetic resistance.
• Host-plant resistance in pest management – compatibility with other pest management practices – merits and demerits.
• Biological control – definition – history and development – classical examples – factors governing biological control.
• Predators and parasitoids of agricultural importance – role in pest management.
• Chemical control – definition – history of insecticide development – toxicity parameters – ideal qualities of an insecticide.
• Classification of insecticides based on mode of entry, mode of action and chemical nature.
• Insecticides Act 1968 – insecticide residues and waiting periods. Role of pesticides in pest management.
• Semiochemicals – definition – intraspecific semiochemicals – allomone, kairomone, synomone and apneumone.
• Interspecific semiochemicals – pheromone, sex pheromone, alarm and trail marking pheromone. Pheromones in Integrated Pest Management.
• Sterility methods – definition – principles – methods – requirements and limitaitons.
• Insect growth regulators – moult inhibitors – Juvenile Hormone mimics – mode of action and uses. Insect anti feed ants and repellents – mode of action, groups and uses.
• Pesticide application technology – principles and methods.
• Pesticide compatibility, safety and hazards – antidotes – safe handling – impact of pesticides on agro ecosystems. Impact of global warming on pests.
• Integrated Pest Management – history, principles and strategies – relationship between different components and economics.
• Integrated Pest Management: Issues and options. Eco friendly Integrated Pest Management – Indigenous/traditional technologies in Integrated Pest Management.
• Specific Integrated Pest Management practices for rice and cotton. Biotechnology in pest management.

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